Alopecia areata, or alopecia areata, is a condition in which there is rapid hair loss in localized areas of the head and other parts of the body. The exact causes of this pathology are not fully understood, but scientists believe that baldness is triggered by disorders in the immune system, in which hair follicles are attacked by their own protective cells, damaged and gradually die off. The first symptoms of pathology appear in people aged 15 to 25 years.
Treatment of alopecia areata (alopecia areata)
Alopecia areata, or alopecia areata, is a condition in which there is rapid hair loss in localized areas of the head and other parts of the body. The exact causes of this pathology are not fully understood, but scientists believe that baldness is triggered by disorders in the immune system, in which hair follicles are attacked by their own protective cells, damaged and gradually die off. The first symptoms of pathology appear in people aged 15 to 25 years. First, the hair shafts become thinner, then they fall out, but in their place there is no growth of new hairs. Soon, at the site of localization of the pathological process, a noticeable focus of baldness is formed, which can remain in a stable size or increase in area. Alopecia areata is treated by a trichologist.
Causes of alopecia
The exact root cause of alopecia areata has not been identified, but most experts agree that the disease has an autoimmune etiology. Under the influence of negative internal and external factors, the own immune system begins to perceive the hair follicles as a foreign formation and does its best to destroy it. As a result, lymphocytes attack the hair follicles, destroying their cells, leading to deformation and death.
Symptoms of alopecia areata
Most often, the disease is asymptomatic, but some patients complain of burning and itching, localized in the area of the affected areas. The formed lesions can remain where they have arisen without increasing in size and without disappearing. Most patients have a single lesion, and only a few are diagnosed with multiple lesions located throughout the scalp.
Alopecia areata mainly affects the scalp, but sometimes other areas where hair grows are involved in the pathological process, namely:
• eyebrows;
• eyelashes;
• beard in men;
• upper and lower limbs.
Diagnosis of alopecia areata
In the presence of characteristic symptoms of pathology, it is necessary to make an appointment with a doctor as soon as possible. A trichologist deals with the treatment of all types of alopecia. During the initial examination, the doctor will assess the condition of the patient's hairline, ask about disturbing symptoms, and collect the necessary information.
• To confirm or deny the diagnosis, a referral is given for an additional diagnostic examination, including the following procedures:
• Microscopic examination of a scraping of the scalp, which will help to identify a fungal infection.
• Biochemical blood test to determine the presence of inflammatory processes in the body.
• Blood test for hormones, which will help assess hormonal levels.
• Checking blood for sexually transmitted infections, HIV.
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