Ichthyosis (diffuse keratoma) is a hereditary skin disease in which the keratinization process is impaired. Dry skin flakes off, and in severe cases of the disease, scales form on it. Most often, ichthyosis manifests itself in early childhood. It is extremely rare that it is acquired.
The reasons
There are several types of this disease. Vulgar (ordinary) is the most common type of disease. Most often, it manifests itself by the third month of a child's life. There are also lamellar ichthyosis, x-linked and others.
In most cases, ichthyosis is a hereditary disease. The cause of acquired ichthyosis is disruption of the endocrine system.
Symptoms
Symptoms depend on the type and extent of the disease. The main symptoms of ichthyosis are:
severe dryness and peeling of the skin;
discoloration of the skin (the color varies from yellow to almost black);
the appearance on the skin of plates in the form of scales (white or gray), in severe cases, rough brown plates are formed;
problems with thermoregulation, decreased sweating;
pronounced lines on the palms and soles of the feet;
brittle hair and nails;
itching.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of the disease by DermaCenter specialists is carried out on the basis of the existing symptoms. As a rule, ichthyosis has a vivid clinical picture and does not present any difficulties in diagnosis.
Also appoint:
histological analysis of the skin;
general and biochemical blood tests;
general urine analysis.
Treatment
Unfortunately, a complete cure for ichthyosis is impossible. Modern medicine can only reduce symptoms. For this, drug therapy is indicated:
complexes of vitamins A, B, C, E and niacin;
hormonal drugs to improve the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Local medications and physical therapy are essential. Ointments and creams are prescribed to moisturize the skin. Salicylic acid relieves inflammation and disinfects the skin. As physiotherapeutic procedures, medicinal baths and mud wraps are prescribed, which heal the skin and relieve itching. The active agent is chosen by the doctor in accordance with the type of ichthyosis.
The course of the disease is influenced by the climate. In cold weather, the disease worsens. Therefore, patients are advised to move to a warmer climate.
Prevention
Due to the fact that this disease is of an unclear nature, there are no preventive measures to prevent the development of ichthyosis.